Adverse Events of Trastuzumab Emtansine (T-DM1) in the Treatment of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients

Abstract

The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is commonly associated with poor prognosis and is overexpressed in approximately 15-20% of all breast cancers. The introduction of HER2-targeted therapies led to significant improvement in the prognosis of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, for both early and advanced disease. These targeted therapies include the antibodies trastzumab and pertuzumab, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib, and the antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). T-DM1 combines the anti-tumor activity of trastuzumab with that of DM1, a highly potent derivative of the anti-microtubule agent maytansine, resulting in increased anti-tumor activity. Notably, this agent has been demonstrated to be safe and is associated with low toxicity rates. However, maytansinoid, the cytotoxic component of T-DM1, does have the potential to induce various adverse events, particularly radiation necrosis, when used in combination with stereotactic radiosurgery. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current literature regarding T-DM1 safety and toxicity, with special emphasis on the existing landmark studies.