Detection of meningococcus, pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, and group A streptococcus DNA in pediatric adenoid bioptats

Abstract

Meningococcal, pneumococcal, streptococcal A and Haemophilus influenzae infections are manifested in different clinical forms, ranging from bacterial carriage to generalized life-threatening conditions. However, a connection between bacterial carriage and disease development has not been fully explored. A PCR assay was performed with adenoid biopsy samples collected from 112 children after planned adenotomy to detect Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, H. influenzae carriage. A DNA specific to at least one of the four studied microbial species was found in 104 samples (92.86%) so that: meningococcal DNA was detected in one sample (0.9%), pneumococcal — in 98 (87.5%), H. influenzae — in 19 (16.96%), and streptococcal A — in 42 (37.5%) samples. However, none of these species was found in 8 children (7.14%). A sole S. pneumoniae was detected in 54 samples (48.2%), whereas S. pyogenes — in 5 samples (4.5%). Moreover, two bacterial species were simultaneously as follows: N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae — in 1 sample (0.9%), S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae — in 7 samples (6.3%); H. influenzae and S. pyogenes — in 1 sample (0.9%); S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes — in 25 samples (22.3%). A triple combination consisting of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and S. pyogenes bacteria were detected together in 11 patients (9.8%). Meningococcal serogrouping revealed no connection with any of the 6 most common global serogroups responsible for epidemic incidence rise (A, B, C, W-135, X, Y). A clear tendency for prevalence of S. pyogenes DNA in adenoid pediatric biopsies in children diagnosed with “Adenoids and tonsils hypertrophy” vs. “Adenoids hypertrophy” was observed. It is noteworthy, a high relative prevalence of pneumococcal carriage (87.5%), found by us was of special importance. Pediatric carriers serving as a reservoir for virulent pneumococcal species pose a threat both for themselves and surrounding people. Thus, PCR-based data of adenoid biopsies may be a promising approach for future studies, as a potential to identify live viable but nonculturable bacteria in clinical specimens will contribute to a more accurate assessment of carriage rate of meningococci, pneumococci, H. influenzae and group A streptococci.