Response of Date palm trees Phoenix dactylifera L. Khastawi cultivar to chemical, organic and biological fertilization

Abstract

This study was carried out in one of the private palm orchards located in the area of the village of Albu Assaf - Al-Dawwar, which is 10 km west of Ramadi city / Anbar Governoaverge, during the 2020-2021 season to study the effect of three levels of fertilizer combinations F0:0 ,F1: 600 g of urea (N 276) + 350 g of triple superphosphate (P2O5 500 ) + 168 g of potassium sulfate (K2O 240), 1200 g urea (552 N) + 700 g triple superphosphate (P2O5 336) + 1000 g potassium sulfate (K2O 480) and three levels of humic acid H0:0, H1:15, H2:30 ml. L-1 and two levels of a combination of biofertilizers, Trichoderma(Trichoderma harzianum) and Mycorrhizal(Glomus mosseae) B0:0, B1:300 ml Trichoderma + 400 g Mycorrhizal, with three replications for each treatment, to increase and improve the production of date palm trees, Khastawi cultiver, The research was carried out as a factorial experiment (2 x 3 x 3) it used the design of randomized complete block, RCBD, where 54 trees of 11 years of age were selected that were homogeneous in terms of growth characteristics as much as possible, Each palm was considered a repeater. The results showed the superiority of the level F2 chemical fertilization in several characteristics, including the percentage of the set fruit, the lowest percentage of fallen, the length and weight of the fruit and its size and total yield, which amounted to 52.431 kg, whereas, the control treatment gave the lowest average for the traits as mentioned earlier. The H2 level of humic acid was superior in the characteristics of the percentage of set fruit, the lowest percentage of fallen, length and weight of the fruit, its size and total yield, which amounted to 58.148. In contrast, the control treatment gave the lowest average for the abovementioned traits. The results also showed the superiority of level B1 of the combination of biofertilizers in the percentage of frozen fruit, falling, fruit length and total yield, which amounted to 51.641 kg. In contrast, the control treatment gave the lowest rate for the abovementioned traits. The binary overlap F2H2 treatment gave the highest rates in the set fruit percentage, length and weight of the fruit, its size and the total yield, which amounted to 59,064 kg, and the lowest percentage of fallen. Also, the bilateral overlap H2B1 treatment gave the highest rates in the set fruit percentage and fruit length and the lowest percentage of fall. The same treatment with the B0 treatment appeared to outperform in the weight and size of the fruit and the total yield, which amounted to 58.915 kg compared to the control treatment that gave a lower average., the bilateral overlap F2B1 treatment gave the highest rates in the characteristics of fruit length and weight, as well as the triple overlap F2H2B1 treatment, gave the highest averages in the characteristics of the set fruit percentage and the lowest percentage of fallen and weight of the fruit and the total yield, which amounted to 59.648 kg compared to the control treatment that gave a lower average for the mentioned traits where the response was significant for the type is Khastawi in terms of increasing the yield and its components. Keywords: Date palm; chemical fertilization; NPK; bioFertilization; Humic acid; Khastawi.