The efficient procedure of embryogenic callus formation from anther in Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav

Abstract

The peppers or ajies (Capsicum spp.) are one of Peru's main productive crops, which is why it is among the top ten countries in production and exports. Among the species cultivated in Peru is Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav., commonly called rocoto, and represents one of the most critical species in local and national gastronomy. The rocoto ecotype "Selva" or "de Monte" is characterized by its large size and is used to prepare rocoto relleno arequipeño. This crop presents the restriction to obtain homozygous lines for being self-incompatible. Using biotechnology, pure lines can be obtained from the anther culture, and homozygous lines can be obtained. The objective was to induce embryogenic callus formation from anther culture of Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav. Ecotype "de Monte". In the results, 74.1% of embryogenic callus was induced in rocoto anthers with a longitudinal ratio of 1.04 mm; the induction was carried out using Murashige and Skoog culture medium added with 2.0 mg/L of 2,4-D. Likewise, the formation of somatic embryos in the globular stage was evidenced after 12 weeks in the culture medium.