Evaluation of Sex Hormone in Benign and Malignant Breast Cancer in Iraqi Women

Abstract

Elevated levels of circulating estrogens and androgens are linked to higher breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women; however, little is known about hormone levels within the breast. Hormone concentrations within the breast may not be reflected in the blood and are likely important contributors to breast carcinogenesis. The present study investigated the sex hormone (Estrogen, progesterone, Prolactin and testosterone). Female patients are divided into three groups (Benign, malignant and control). Benign (B)(34 patients) is divided into sub-groups including Benign premenopausal stage (B1)(17 patients) Benign postmenopausal stage (B2) (17 patients) and Malignant (M)(34 patients), Malignant premenopausal stage (M1) (17patients) and Malignant postmenopausal stage (M2)(17patients), and control group (C) include (11) premenopausal stage (C1) and (11) postmenopausal stage (C2). The expression level of soluble sex hormone (Estrogen, progesterone, Prolactin and testosterone) in serum was determined by an ELISA. Technique. The patients attended the Center for Early Detection of Breast Tumor at an oncology teaching hospital in Medical City. The study was conducted on 15/February (2021) to 20/July (2021). The values of Estrogen hormone in premenopausal malignant M1 (34.76 ±4.26 pg/ml) decreased significantly (P≤0.05) in comparison with C1, but it was non-significant in comparison with C2 and B1. M2 (64.28 ±4.17 pg/ml) shows a non-significant increase compared with C1, but it increased significantly with C2, B2 and M1. The values of progesterone hormone B1(12.75 ±3.34ng/ml) and B2( 13.06 ±2.98 ng/ml) was non-significant(P≤0.05) in comparison with C1 (8.17 ±2.87 ng/ml) and C2(6.28 ±2.87 ng/ml).M1 (14.30 ±4.29 ng/ml) and M2 (15.76 ±4.34 ng/ml) show non-significant difference in comparison with C1,C2,B1and B2. The values of Prolactin hormone in the M1(32.07±3.56(µIU/ml)) and M2(29.42±3.16) show non-significant difference(p>0.05) with C1,C2,B1 and B2.levelsTestosterone hormone show a significant in M1(1.462 ±0.11(ng/ml)) increased (p<0.05) in comparison with C1,C2,B1,B2. M2(1.392 ±0.10(ng/ml)) increase significantly(p<0.05) in comparison with C1,C2,B1,B2 and M1. concluded from this study that the levels of estrogen increased significantly in postmenopausal malignant M2 women with breast cancer, and the levels of testosterone hormone significant increase in pre and postmenopausal breast cancer women, the levels of Prolactin and progesterone hormone showed non-significant differences in comparison with other groups. Keywords: Sex Hormone, Benign, malignant, Breast Cancer,