Antimicrobial activity of Saussurea costus extracts against Streptococcus penumoniae and Escherichia coli

Abstract

Traditionally, numerous components of medicinal plants, such as their roots, stems, flowers, fruits, and twigs, were widely employed as crude extracts to treat many human ailments. This investigation aimed to look at the effectiveness of various antimicrobial agents of Saussurea costus against G+ve bacteria Streptococcus penumoniae and G-ve bacteria Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activity of the plant was determined using the diffusion technique, which was used to both alcoholic and aqueous extracts generated from the plant's roots against streptococcus penumoniae and Escherichia coli; the inhibition zone was measured by millimeter. The antimicrobial examination revealed that the Gram-positive bacteria represented by Streptococcus penumoniae were susceptible to the alcoholic extracts of S. costus with inhibition zones (18 mm) at 200 mg/ml concentration. In contrast, the aqueous extract had fewer inhibition zones (16 mm) at a 200 mg/ml concentration. Meanwhile, E.coli had a weak effect on the alcoholic extracts with inhibition zones (13 mm) at 200 mg/ml concentration. Still, aqueous extract was (10 mm) at200 mg/ml concentration. The constituents of the ethanolic extract of roots were investigated using Gas chromatography-mass (GC); twenty-four compounds were identified in the extract of the roots, such as C10H14 and C10H16. The results demonstrated that the Saussurea costus extracts have antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria S. pneumoniae while it has a weak effect against E.coli Keywords Saussurea costus. Antimicrobial. Ethanolic extract. Streptococcus penumoniae. Escherichia coli