Effect of spraying with garlic extract and silicon on some physical, chemical, and productive characteristics of date palm Phoenix dactylifera L.

Abstract

The experiment was conducted in Shatt Al-Arab District - Fourth Al-Jazirah District - Basrah Governorate during the 2020 growing season to investigate spraying with garlic extract and silicon solution on some physical, chemical, and productive properties of date palm fruits Umm al-Dahn variety. The garlic solution extract at a concentration (of 0, 200, 400 ml L-1 ) and silicon at a concentration of (0, 250, 500, 750 mg L-1 ) was used in two-time sprays, the first two weeks after pollination and the second three weeks after the first spray. The spray t with garlic extract at a concentration of 400 ml L-1 and silicon at a concentration of 750 mg L-1 was significant in the physical characteristics under study (fruit weight, length, diameter, and fleshy layer weight), and chemical characteristics (total soluble solids, reducing sugars, dry matter, and total protein) compared to the control treatment. The treatment of spray t with garlic extract at 400 ml L-1 and silicon at a concentration of 750 mg L-1 significantly decreased the percentage of sucrose in the fruits. It resulted in a significant increase in the weight of the fruit and the tree's yield. The spraying with garlic solution extract at a concentration of 400 ml L-1 with silicon spray treatment at a concentration of 750 mg L-1 resulted in the highest productivity of the palm (41.68 kg. Palm-1 ). At the same time, the control gave the lowest productivity of 31.74 kg Palm-1 . Keywords: Garlic extract, Silicon, Date palm, Productivity