Early Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Recommendations for Practice and Research

Author:

Zwaigenbaum Lonnie1,Bauman Margaret L.2,Stone Wendy L.3,Yirmiya Nurit4,Estes Annette5,Hansen Robin L.6,McPartland James C.7,Natowicz Marvin R.8,Choueiri Roula9,Fein Deborah10,Kasari Connie11,Pierce Karen12,Buie Timothy13,Carter Alice14,Davis Patricia A.15,Granpeesheh Doreen16,Mailloux Zoe17,Newschaffer Craig18,Robins Diana18,Roley Susanne Smith19,Wagner Sheldon20,Wetherby Amy21

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;

2. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts;

3. Departments of Psychology and

4. Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel;

5. Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;

6. Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento, California;

7. Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, Connecticut;

8. Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio;

9. Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Memorial Children’s Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts;

10. Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut;

11. Graduate School of Education & Information Studies, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;

12. Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California;

13. Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts;

14. Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts;

15. Integrated Center for Child Development, Newton, Massachusetts;

16. Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Tarzana, California;

17. Department of Occupational Therapy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;

18. A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;

19. USC Mrs T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Los Angeles, California;

20. Behavioral Development & Educational Services, New Bedford, Massachusetts; and

21. Department of Clinical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida

Abstract

Early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is essential to ensure that children can access specialized evidence-based interventions that can help to optimize long-term outcomes. Early identification also helps shorten the stressful “diagnostic odyssey” that many families experience before diagnosis. There have been important advances in research into the early development of ASDs, incorporating prospective designs and new technologies aimed at more precisely delineating the early emergence of ASD. Thus, an updated review of the state of the science of early identification of ASD was needed to inform best practice. These issues were the focus of a multidisciplinary panel of clinical practitioners and researchers who completed a literature review and reached consensus on current evidence addressing the question “What are the earliest signs and symptoms of ASD in children aged ≤24 months that can be used for early identification?” Summary statements address current knowledge on early signs of ASD, potential contributions and limitations of prospective research with high-risk infants, and priorities for promoting the incorporation of this knowledge into clinical practice and future research.

Publisher

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)

Subject

Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health

Reference97 articles.

1. Management of children with autism spectrum disorders.;Myers;Pediatrics,2007

2. Explaining differences in age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: a critical review.;Daniels;Autism,2014

3. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years—autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2010.;Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance Year 2010 Principal Investigators;MMWR Surveill Summ,2014

4. Age of diagnosis for autism: individual and community factors across 10 birth cohorts.;Fountain;J Epidemiol Community Health,2011

5. Age of diagnosis among Medicaid-enrolled children with autism, 2001-2004.;Mandell;Psychiatr Serv,2010

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