The Biomarker S100B and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-analysis

Abstract

CONTEXT: The usefulness of S100B has been noted as a biomarker in the management of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in adults. However, S100B efficacy as a biomarker in children has previously been relatively unclear. OBJECTIVE: A meta-analysis is conducted to assess the prognostic value of S100B in predicting intracerebral lesions in children after mTBI. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. STUDY SELECTION: Studies including children suffering mTBI who underwent S100B measurement and computed tomography (CT) scans were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Of 1030 articles screened, 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: The overall pooled sensitivity and specificity were 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 98%–100%) and 34% (95% CI: 30%–38%), respectively. A second analysis was based on the collection of 373 individual data points from 4 studies. Sensitivity and specificity results, obtained from reference ranges in children with a sampling time <3 hours posttrauma, were 97% (95% CI: 84.2%–99.9%) and 37.5% (95% CI: 28.8%–46.8%), respectively. Only 1 child had a low S100B level and a positive CT scan result without clinically important traumatic brain injury. LIMITATIONS: Only patients undergoing both a CT scan and S100B testing were selected for evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: S100B serum analysis as a part of the clinical routine could significantly reduce the number of CT scans performed on children with mTBI. Sampling should take place within 3 hours of trauma. Cutoff levels should be based on pediatric reference ranges.