Body Composition in Adolescents During Treatment With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To examine the independent contribution of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to changes in body composition in older adolescents. METHODS: Medically healthy 15- to 20-year-olds who were unmedicated or within 1 month of starting an SSRI were prospectively followed. Psychiatric functioning and medication treatment were assessed monthly. Body Mass Index (BMI) was measured every 4 months. Every 8 months, a whole-body dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry scan was obtained to determine lean BMI, fat mass index, and visceral fat mass. Linear mixed effects regression analysis examined associations between MDD, GAD, and SSRI use variables and body composition measures. RESULTS: Over 1.51 ± 0.76 years of follow-up, 264 participants contributed 805 observations. After adjusting for age, sex, physical activity, dietary intake, and time in the study, MDD severity was inversely associated, prospectively, with BMI, fat mass index, and lean BMI z scores, whereas cumulative SSRI treatment duration and dose were positively associated with these outcomes. GAD severity and diagnosis were not significantly associated with any body composition outcome. Moreover, citalopram and escitalopram were most strongly associated with the increase in all body composition measures, including visceral fat mass, whereas the associations with fluoxetine were somewhat weaker. Sertraline was not different from no SSRI treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Depression severity was associated with a decrease in measures of body composition in older adolescents over a mean of 1.5 years, whereas SSRI treatment was positively associated with these outcomes, with differential effects across treatment groups.