1. The Pediatric Research in Emergency Therapeutics (PRETx) Program, Division of Emergency Medicine, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
2. Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
3. Divisions of Emergency Medicine and
4. The Sickle Cell Anemia Clinic, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, and
5. Pediatric Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada