Cardio-Facio-Cutaneous Syndrome: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management Guidelines

Author:

Pierpont Mary Ella M.12,Magoulas Pilar L.3,Adi Saleh4,Kavamura Maria Ines5,Neri Giovanni6,Noonan Jacqueline7,Pierpont Elizabeth I.8,Reinker Kent9,Roberts Amy E.10,Shankar Suma11,Sullivan Joseph12,Wolford Melinda13,Conger Brenda14,Santa Cruz Molly14,Rauen Katherine A.15

Affiliation:

1. Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics and Ophthalmology, and

2. Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota;

3. Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas;

4. Madison Clinic for Pediatric Diabetes, Benioff Children’s Hospital and University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California;

5. Medical Genetics Center, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil;

6. Institute of Medical Genetics, A Gemelli School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy;

7. Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky;

8. Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;

9. Department of Orthopedics, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas;

10. Department of Cardiology and Division of Genetics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;

11. Departments of Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia;

12. Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California;

13. Department of Counseling, Special Education and School Psychology, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio;

14. CFC International, Vestal, New York; and

15. Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California

Abstract

Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFC) is one of the RASopathies that bears many clinical features in common with the other syndromes in this group, most notably Noonan syndrome and Costello syndrome. CFC is genetically heterogeneous and caused by gene mutations in the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. The major features of CFC include characteristic craniofacial dysmorphology, congenital heart disease, dermatologic abnormalities, growth retardation, and intellectual disability. It is essential that this condition be differentiated from other RASopathies, as a correct diagnosis is important for appropriate medical management and determining recurrence risk. Children and adults with CFC require multidisciplinary care from specialists, and the need for comprehensive management has been apparent to families and health care professionals caring for affected individuals. To address this need, CFC International, a nonprofit family support organization that provides a forum for information, support, and facilitation of research in basic medical and social issues affecting individuals with CFC, organized a consensus conference. Experts in multiple medical specialties provided clinical management guidelines for pediatricians and other care providers. These guidelines will assist in an accurate diagnosis of individuals with CFC, provide best practice recommendations, and facilitate long-term medical care.

Publisher

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)

Subject

Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

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