Potential Bias in Social Work Consultations in the Pediatric Inpatient Setting

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Failure to thrive, brief resolved unexplained event, accidental ingestion, and drowning admissions commonly involve social work (SW) consultation. Care team biases likely influence SW consultation decisions. We examined whether SW consultations varied by patient race for these diagnoses. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children <6 years of age admitted for failure to thrive, brief resolved unexplained event, accidental ingestion, and drowning between July 1, 2012 and June 30, 2020 at a single, academic, standalone children’s hospital in an urban environment. The outcome was SW consultation; the predictor was patient race. We used multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for ethnicity, language, insurance, and diagnosis. We completed a supplemental chart review of a random sample of 10% of patients with SW consultation to determine the reasons that consultations were placed. RESULTS: We included 1199 unique patients; 64% identified as white, and 22% identified as Black. Black patients had 1.61 times higher adjusted odds of SW consultation compared with white patients (95% confidence interval 1.14–2.29). Publicly insured, compared with privately insured, patients had 6.10 times higher adjusted odds of SW consultation (95% confidence interval 4.28–8.80). Upon supplemental chart review, Black patients had SW consultations that focused more often on abuse, neglect, and safety; this was also found for publicly insured patients. There was parity in consultation for resource needs across groups. CONCLUSIONS: Black children were more likely than white children to receive SW consultation during hospitalization, as were publicly insured children compared with their privately insured peers; in supplemental review, this was not due to differences in consultations for resource needs. The standardization of SW consultation may promote equitable care.