Triglyceride Metabolism in the Neonate

Abstract

Lipid infusion is an integral part of neonatal parenteral nutrition. In its absence, essential fatty acid deficiency can result as early as 3 days after birth. Triglyceride values are followed to monitor lipid tolerance. Acceptable values range between 150 and 200 mg/dL (1.7 and 2.3 mmol/L). This case of hypertriglyceridemia resulting from rapid lipid infusion in an extremely low-birthweight infant demonstrates a rapid decrease in the triglyceride concentration with no intervention. None of the common adverse effects of hypertriglyceridemia were noted. The case also highlights the importance of correctly positioning and regularly evaluating infusion pump tubing to assure the correct rate of lipid infusion.