Probiotics for the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates

Abstract

Necrotizing enterocolitis is a life-threatening condition in preterm neonates that is associated with severe morbidity and mortality. Several studies have suggested that probiotics can potentially decrease the risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis via several proposed mechanisms of action, including increasing diversity of the intestinal flora. However, due to a lack of standardized study designs, including variability in product selection, dose, time of initiation, and duration, as well as a concern for safety in this vulnerable population, the use of probiotics in this population remains controversial. Regulations for testing of products and well-validated dosing regimens are needed before considering routine use of probiotics in these high-risk patients.