Outcome of the AVID College Preparatory Program on Adolescent Health: A Randomized Trial

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Academic tracking is a widespread practice, separating students by prior academic performance. Clustering lower performing students together may unintentionally reinforce risky peer social networks, school disengagement, and risky behaviors. If so, mixing lower performing with high performing youth (“untracking”) may be protective, leading to better adolescent health. METHODS Advancement via Individual Determination (AVID), a nationally-disseminated college preparatory program, supports placing middle-performing students in rigorous college-preparatory classes alongside high-performing peers. We conducted the first randomized, controlled trial of AVID in the United States, randomizing 270 students within 5 large public high schools to receive AVID (AVID group) versus usual school programming (control group). Participants completed surveys at the transition to high school (end of eighth grade/ beginning of ninth grade) and the end of ninth grade. Intent-to-treat analyses tested whether AVID resulted in healthier social networks (primary outcome), health behaviors, and psychosocial wellbeing. RESULTS At follow-up, AVID students had lower odds of using any substance (odds ratio [OR] 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48–0.89) and associating with a substance-using peer (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.45–0.98), and higher odds of associating with a peer engaged in school (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.11–2.70). Male AVID students had lower stress and higher self-efficacy, grit, and school engagement than control students (P < .05 for all). No adverse health effects among high-performing peers were observed. CONCLUSIONS AVID positively impacts social networks, health behaviors, and psychosocial outcomes suggesting academic untracking may have substantial beneficial spillover effects on adolescent health.