Reducing Benzodiazepine Exposure by Instituting a Guideline for Dexmedetomidine Usage in the NICU

Author:

Morton Sarah U.12,Labrecque Michelle1,Moline Mark1,Hansen Anne12,Leeman Kristen12

Affiliation:

1. Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

2. Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts

Abstract

BACKGROUND Midazolam is a benzodiazepine sedative used in NICUs. Because benzodiazepine’s effects include respiratory depression and potential detrimental developmental effects, minimizing exposure could benefit neonates. Dexmedetomidine is routinely used for sedation in older pediatric populations. We implemented a quality improvement initiative with the aim of decreasing midazolam infusions by 20% through use of dexmedetomidine. METHODS A multidisciplinary committee created a sedation guideline that included standardized dexmedetomidine dosing escalation and weaning. Baseline data collection occurred from January 2015 to February 2018, with intervention from March 2018 to December 2019. Percentage of sedation episodes with dexmedetomidine initiated was followed as a process measure. Outcomes measures were percentage of eligible infants receiving midazolam infusions and midazolam-free days per sedation episode. Bradycardia with dexmedetomidine, unplanned extubation rates, and morphine dosage were monitored as balancing measures. RESULTS Our study included 434 episodes of sedation in 386 patients. Dexmedetomidine initiation increased from 18% to 49%. The intervention was associated with a significant reduction in midazolam initiation by 30%, from 95% to 65%, with special cause variation on statistical process control chart analysis. Midazolam-free days per sedation episode increased from 0.3 to 2.2 days, and patients receiving dexmedetomidine had lower midazolam doses (1.3 mg/kg per day versus 2.2 mg/kg per day, P = 5.97 × 10−04). Bradycardia requiring discontinuation of dexmedetomidine, unplanned extubation rates, and morphine doses were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a quality improvement initiative was successful in reducing the percentage of patients receiving midazolam infusions and increased midazolam-free days per sedation episode, revealing an overall reduction in benzodiazepine exposure while maintaining adequate sedation.

Publisher

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)

Subject

Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

Reference38 articles.

1. FDA Drug Safety Communication . FDA approves label changes for use of general anesthetic and sedation drugs in young children. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-drug-safety-communication-fda-approves-label-changes-use-general-anesthetic-and-sedation-drugs. Accessed October 24, 2020

2. Exposure of developing brain to general anesthesia: what is the animal evidence?;Jevtovic-Todorovic;Anesthesiology,2018

3. Lasting impact of general anaesthesia on the brain: mechanisms and relevance;Vutskits;Nat Rev Neurosci,2016

4. Potential neurodevelopmental effects of pediatric intensive care sedation and analgesia: repetitive benzodiazepine and opioid exposure alters expression of glial and synaptic proteins in juvenile rats;Iqbal O’Meara;Crit Care Explor,2020

5. Intravenous midazolam infusion for sedation of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit;Ng;Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2012

Cited by 13 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3