Immunogenicity and Safety of Extended-Interval 2-Dose Regimens of 9vHPV Vaccine

Abstract

BACKGROUND Nine-valent human papillomavirus (9vHPV) vaccines can be administered in 2 doses 6 to 12 months apart in adolescents. The impact of extended dose intervals is unknown. We report immunogenicity and safety data in adolescents of a second 9vHPV vaccine dose administered ≥1 year after the first. METHODS This open-label safety and immunogenicity study (NCT04708041) assessed extended-interval 2-dose regimens of 9vHPV vaccine among adolescents (10 to 15 years) who received 2 9vHPV vaccine doses: the first ≥1 year before enrollment, and second, at enrollment (day 1). We measured serologic responses to vaccine-targeted human papillomavirus (HPV) types at enrollment day 1 (pre-dose 2) and 1 month post-dose 2 (month 1) using a competitive LuminexV® immunoassay. We estimated effects of dose interval on geometric mean titers (GMTs) using regression modeling. Participants reported adverse events (AEs) through 15 days after vaccination. RESULTS We enrolled 146 adolescents (mean age 13.3 years) with median 25 months since first 9vHPV vaccine dose (range: 12–53 months). Across vaccine-targeted HPV types, GMTs increased from day 1 to month 1; seropositivity at month 1 was 100%. Anti-HPV GMTs at month 1 were not affected by differences in dose interval of 12 to 53 months, based on regression modeling. The most common AEs were mild-to-moderate injection site reactions; no serious AEs were reported. CONCLUSIONS Extending the interval between first and second 9vHPV vaccine doses to 12 to 53 months did not affect antibody responses, with favorable safety profile. These results support feasibility of extended interval regimens for 9vHPV vaccine.