Changes in BMI During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author:

Knapp Emily A.1,Dong Yanan1,Dunlop Anne L.2,Aschner Judy L.3,Stanford Joseph B.4,Hartert Tina5,Teitelbaum Susan L.6,Hudak Mark L.7,Carroll Kecia6,O’Connor Thomas G.8,McEvoy Cindy T.9,O’Shea T. Michael10,Carnell Susan11,Karagas Margaret R.12,Herbstman Julie B.13,Dabelea Dana14,Ganiban Jody M.15,Ferrara Assiamira16,Hedderson Monique16,Bekelman Traci A.14,Rundle Andrew G.13,Alshawabkeh Akram17,Gilbert-Diamond Diane12,Fry Rebecca C.10,Chen Zhanghua18,Gilliland Frank D.18,Wright Rosalind J6,Camargo Carlos A.19,Jacobson Lisa1,Lester Barry M.20,Hockett Christine W21,Hodges Marie L.1,Chandran Aruna1,

Affiliation:

1. aJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland

2. bEmory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia

3. cHackensack Meridian School of Medicine and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York

4. dUniversity of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah

5. eVanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee

6. fIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York

7. gUniversity of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida

8. hUniversity of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York

9. iOregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon

10. jUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

11. kJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

12. lGeisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire

13. mColumbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York

14. nColorado School of Public Heath, Aurora, Colorado

15. oThe George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia

16. pKaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California

17. qCivil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts

18. rUniversity of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California

19. sMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

20. tAlpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island

21. uAvera Research Institute; University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Experts hypothesized increased weight gain in children associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Our objective was to evaluate whether the rate of change of child body mass index (BMI) increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with prepandemic years. METHODS The study population of 1996 children ages 2 to 19 years with at least 1 BMI measure before and during the COVID-19 pandemic was drawn from 38 pediatric cohorts across the United States participating in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes-wide cohort study. We modeled change in BMI using linear mixed models, adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, maternal education, income, baseline BMI category, and type of BMI measure. Data collection and analysis were approved by the local institutional review board of each institution or by the central Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes institutional review board. RESULTS BMI increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with previous years (0.24 higher annual gain in BMI during the pandemic compared with previous years, 95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.45). Children with BMI in the obese range compared with the healthy weight range were at higher risk for excess BMI gain during the pandemic, whereas children in higher-income households were at decreased risk of BMI gain. CONCLUSIONS One effect of the COVID-19 pandemic is an increase in annual BMI gain during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the 3 previous years among children in our national cohort. This increased risk among US children may worsen a critical threat to public health and health equity.

Publisher

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)

Subject

Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

Reference45 articles.

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