Predictive Value of Albuminuria in American Indian Youth With or Without Type 2 Diabetes

Author:

Kim Nan Hee12,Pavkov Meda E.13,Knowler William C.1,Hanson Robert L.1,Weil E. Jennifer1,Curtis Jeffrey M.1,Bennett Peter H.1,Nelson Robert G.1

Affiliation:

1. Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona;

2. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Korea University Medical School, Seoul, Korea; and

3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prognostic significance of elevated albuminuria in youth with type 2 diabetes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional and prospective studies were conducted on Pima Indian youth aged 5 to 19 years at baseline who were examined between July 1, 1982, and December 31, 2007. Prevalence and sequential changes in the level of microalbuminuria (30 ≤ albumin-to-creatinine ratio [ACR] < 300 mg/g) and macroalbuminuria (ACR ≥ 300 mg/g) and incidence of macroalbuminuria were computed according to the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: The prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria was 6.5% and 0.6% in the 3856 nondiabetic youth and 18.5% and 2.9% in the 103 youth with diabetes, respectively. One hundred forty-one of 187 (75.4%) nondiabetic youth, but only 1 of 14 (7.1%) diabetic youth with an elevated ACR (≥30 mg/g) regressed to an undetectable or normal ACR (<30 mg/g) on subsequent examination. In a subset of 2666 youth with a median follow-up of 8.1 years, 36 nondiabetic and 30 diabetic youth with baseline ACRs of <300 mg/g developed macroalbuminuria. For a given ACR, the incidence of macroalbuminuria was 15.9-fold (95% confidence interval: 11.1–22.6) higher in the diabetic than in the nondiabetic youth. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated albuminuria is infrequent and largely transient in nondiabetic youth, but it is relatively frequent and largely persistent in those with diabetes. Microalbuminuria in youth with type 2 diabetes strongly predicts progression to macroalbuminuria, which supports annual screening for albuminuria.

Publisher

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)

Subject

Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health

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