Gasoline Sniffing and Tetraethyl Lead Poisoning in Children

Abstract

Two cases of acute organic lead poisoning following gasoline sniffing, with one death, are reported. Signs of lead encephalopathy with elevated blood lead levels and markedly decreased levels of erythrocytic δ-amino levulnic dehydratase (ALAD) were demonstrated. Erythrocytic ALAD activity was used as a screening test for the detection of tetraethyl lead (TEL) poisoning in a group of 43 children who were presumed gasoline sniffers. Their mean ALAD activity was 190 units compared to a mean of 538 units for a control group. A survey of schoolchildren in another isolated community revealed that 59% had decreased ALAD activity, which correlated well with a history of gasoline sniffing. Only 5% of the children had blood lead levels over 40 µg/dl. The two surveys herein reported suggest that there may be large numbers of children living in isolated communities who are suffering from TEL poisoning as a result of gasoline sniffing. This constitutes a major medical, public health, and social problem heretofore virtually unrecognized.