Military spending and CO2 emissions: Empirical findings from countries with highest per capita military spending-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Military spending and CO2 emissions: Empirical findings from countries with highest per capita military spending

Published:2023-06 Issue:2 Volume:16 Page:211-221
ISSN:2306-3483
Container-title:JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Tarczyński Waldemar¹,Roman Łukasz²,Rejman Krzysztof³,Salahodjaev Raufhon⁴,Azam Sardor⁵

Affiliation:

1. University of Szczecin, Poland

2. University of Justice, Warsaw, Poland

3. Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland

4. Akfa University, Uzbekistan, Tashkent State University of Economics, Uzbeksitan

5. Akfa University, Uzbekistan

Abstract

This study aims to contribute to existing research on CO2 emissions by focusing on military spending. We use data from 47 countries with the highest levels of per capita military spending over the period from 2000 to 2015. The results from the two-stage GMM estimator suggest a positive relationship between defence spending and CO2 emissions: 1% increase in per capita military spending leads to a 0.05% increase in CO2 emissions per capita. GDP per capita has an inverted U-shaped relationship with CO2 emissions, which confirms the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Renewable energy is also found to mitigate CO2 emissions. Some policy implications of this study are discussed.

Publisher

Centre of Sociological Research, NGO

Subject

Economics and Econometrics,Political Science and International Relations

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