Heat Stress Response of Bread Wheat Genotypes Under High and Low Rainfall Environments

Abstract

The research was carried out to determine the yield, yield components, quality, and stability of the bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in heat-stressed and water-limited environments for two years. ANOVA and GGE biplot analysis were applied to determine the differences and relationships of investigated traits belonging to 10 different wheat varieties. While grain yield (GY) is associated with thousand-grain weight (TGW) and test weight (TW); protein ratio (PR) was found to be positively correlated with heading time (HT) and the number of spikes per square meter (SN). Besides, spike weight (SW) was found to be negatively correlated with PR, HT, and (SN). The biplot graph showed that PC1 explained 83.67% of the variability and the proportion attributed to PC2 was 16.33%. The cultivar of Kate A-1 was the most stable genotype, according to the biplot graph and it could be visually determined from the biplot graph in PC1 and PC2 together to explain 100% of the variability. In terms of the quality characteristics examined, Tahirova 2000 passed other varieties. It was concluded that Kate A-1 and Anapo varieties can be used for grain yield-oriented breeding studies, while Tahirova 2000 and Karatopak varieties can be used as parents for quality purposes.