1. Alence, Rod. 2004. Political Institutions and Developmental Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Journal of Modern African Studies 42 (2): 163–187.
2. Arbache, J.S., and J. Page. 2007. More Growth or Fewer Collapses? An Investigation of the Growth Challenges of Sub-Saharan African Countries. Policy Working Paper 4384.
3. Bates, Robert H. 1981. Markets and States in Tropical Africa: The Political Basis of Agricultural Policies: With a New Preface. California: University of California Press.
4. ———. 2006. Institutions and Development. Journal of African Economies 15 (1): 10–61.
5. Bates, Robert. 2008a. Political Reform. In The Political Economy of Economic Growth in Africa 1960–2000, ed. Benno J. Ndulu, Robert Bates, Paul Collier, and Chukwuma C. Soludo, 349–390. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.