1. Mark Lilla, “The Other Velvet Revolution: Continental Liberalism and Its Discontents,” Daedalus, 123 (1994): 129–157, 133–135.
2. Guido de Ruggiero, The History of European Liberalism (London: Oxford University Press, 1927), 205–210, 207.
3. Joseph A. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (London: George Allen & Unwin, [1942] 1946), 401.
4. Tony Judt, Marxism and the French Left (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), 1–4; Tony Judt, Past Imperfect: French Intellectuals, 1944–1956 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), 159, 238–241; Sunil Khilnani, Arguing Revolution: The Intellectual Left in Postwar France (London: Yale University Press, 1993), 135–136; Sudhir Hazareesingh, Political Traditions in Modern France (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994), 33–64, 207–230. For a survey of recent work on the intellectual history of French liberalism, see Michael C. Behrent, “Liberal Dispositions: Recent Scholarship on French Liberalism,” Modern Intellectual History (May 2015), 1–31.
5. Raymond Aron, Mémoires. 50 ans de réflexion politique (Paris: Julliard, 1983).