1. Angela Chambers, “Critical Approaches to Literatures of Decolonization: Aimé Césaire’s Cahier d’un retour au pays natal,” in An Introduction to Caribbean Francophone Writing: Guadeloupe and Martinique, ed. by Sam Haigh (Oxford: Berg, 1999), pp. 35–50 (p. 39).
2. Christopher L. Miller, The French Atlantic Triangle: Literature and Culture of the Slave Trade (London: Duke University Press, 2008), p. 328.
3. A. James Arnold, Modernism and Negritude: The Poetry and Poetics of Aimé Césaire (London: Harvard University Press, 1981), p. 147.
4. Aimé Césaire, Notebook of a Return to My Native Land: Cahier d’un retour au pays natal, trans. Mireille Rosello and Annie Pritchard (Tarset: Bloodaxe Books, 1995).
5. Ronnie Leah Scharfman, Engagement and the Language of the Subject in the Poetry of Aimé Césaire (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1980), p. 30.