1. Eugen Weber, ‘L’Hexagone’, in Pierre Nora, ed., Les lieux de mémoire, 3 vols. (Paris, 1997), 3:1171–90;
2. Georges Spillmann, De l’empire à l’hexagone (Paris, 1981).
3. Gérard Noiriel, Le creuset français: histoire de l’immigration (19ème–20ème siècles) (Paris, 1988), chapter 1.
4. On this turn, see esp. Gary Wilder, ‘From Optic to Topic: The Foreclosure Effect of Historiographic Turns’, The American Historical Review, 117(3) (2012): 723–45.
5. Peter Sahlins, Boundaries: The Making of France and Spain in the Pyrenees (Berkeley, 1989).