1. Elizabeth S. Kassab, Contemporary Arab Thought (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009), p. 200.
2. Albert Hourani, Arab Thought in the Liberal Age, 1789–1939, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983); Kassab, Contemporary Arab Thought.
3. Nasif Nassar, al-Isharat wa’l-masalik (Beirut: Dar al-Tali’a, 2011), p. 73.
4. Nasif Nassar, al-Tafkir wa’l-hijra: min al-turath ila al-nahda al-‘arabiyya al-thaniya (Beirut: Dar al-Nahar, 1997), p. 19.
5. Nasif Nassar, Tariq al-istiqlal al-falsafi (Beirut: Dar al-Tali’a, 2009), p. 82.