1. Baghawī, Maʿālim al-tanzil (Riyadh: Dār al-Tiba, 1993), 21:81. A parasang is about three miles. Satans are a subcategory of jinn, the alternate creation to mankind and, like humans, subject to judgment of heaven or hell.
2. Al-Haysam b. Muhammad Būshanjī, Qisas al-Qurʾān al-Karīm (Amman: n.p., 2006), 470. Some scholars date Būshanjī to the early fifth/eleventh century.
3. Thaʿlabī, Arāʾis al-majālis, trans. William M. Brinner (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2002), 492.
4. Antoine Borrut, “La Syrie de Salomon,” Pallas 43 (2003), 112.
5. Yāqūt, Muʿjam al-buldān, ed. F. Wuestenfeld (Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1886), 1:684.