1. See Douglass C. North (1990) Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance ( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
2. C. H. Lee (1986) The British Economy since 1700 ( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press ).
3. P. J. Cain and A. G. Hopkins (1986) ‘Gentlemanly Capitalism and British Overseas Expansion I. The Old Colonial System, 1688–1850’, Economic History Review, Second Series, XXXIX, pp. 501–26; (1987) ‘Gentlemanly Capitalism and British Overseas Expansion II. New Imperialism, 1850–1945’, Economic History Review, Second Series, XL, pp. 1–27.
4. Charles Wright and C. Ernest Fayle (1927) A History of Lloyd’s ( London: Blades, East & Blades ), p. 3.
5. Markman Ellis (2004) The Coffee House: A Cultural History (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson), pp. 150 and 167.