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2. U.S. Bureau of the Census: Characteristics of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000).
3. U.S. Bureau of the Census: Current Population Survey (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000).
4. Abdullah, Zain. “West Africa.” In Encyclopedia of American Immigration. Ed. James Ciment (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2001), 1070–1078.
5. Abdullah, Zain. “Negotiating Identities: A History of Islamization in Black West Africa.” Journal of Islamic Law and Culture, Vol. 10, No. 1 (2008): 5–18.