1. John Ruskin, Sesame and Lilies (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002), 77.
2. Witold Rybczyniski, Home: A Short History of an Idea (New York: Penguin, 1986), 75
3. John Tosh, “New Men? The Bourgeois Cult of Home,” History Today 46, no. 12 (1996): 10.
4. John Tosh, A Man’s Place: Masculinity and the Middle-Class Home in Victorian England (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999).
5. In particular, working-class men would have found Ruskin’s ideal difficult to replicate, even if they wanted to—they did not own their own homes. According to one study, 95 percent of working-class people rented their accommodations in 1850; in 1918 the number was still 90 percent. John Benson, Working Class in Britain, 1850–1939 (London: I.B. Tauris, 2003), 73.