1. Thomas Diflo, “The Transplant Surgeon’s Perspective on the Bungled Transplant,” in Keith Wailoo, Julie Livingston, and Peter Guarnaccia, A Death Retold: Jesica Santillan, the Bungled Transplant, and Paradoxes of Medical Citizenship (UNC Press, 2006), 73–74; Jerry Adler et al., “A Tragic Error,” Newsweek, March 3, 2003.
2. HHS had been developing regulations near the end of the George H. Bush administration, but then Bush put a moratorium on new regulations, so they were not issued. In 1990, Congress asked the Government Accounting Office (GAO) to investigate the effectiveness of the nation’s transplant system, and the GAO found some problems. Organ Transplant and Bone Marrow Donor Reauthorization, Hearings before the subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, 103rd Congress, 1st session, April 22 and May 19, 1993 (US Government Printing Office, 1994), 6–18, 39, 45. For more details on the HHS regulation controversy, see Mary Jo Festle, “Enemies or Allies? The Organ Transplant Medical Community, the Federal Government, and the Public in the U.S., 1967–2000,” Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 65 (January 2010): 48–80.
3. Richard N. Pierson III et al., “Thoracic Organ Transplantation,” American Journal of Transplantation 4, Supplement 9 (2004): 93–105;
4. T. M. Egan et al., “Development of the New Lung Allocation System in the United States,” American Journal of Transplantation 6 (2006): 1212–1227;
5. K. R. McCurry et al., “Lung Transplantation in the United States, 1998–2007,” American Journal of Transplantation 9, Part 2 (2009): 942.