1. Robert Koenig, “US Takes Steps to Use Science to Improve Ties to Muslim World,” Science, 326 (November 13, 2009), 920–921.
2. Murphy, Kevin, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny, “Why is Rent-Seeking So Costly to Growth?” American Economic Review 83, 2 (1993), 412.
3. For a discussion of the emergence of Dar al-Handasah, see Zahlan, A. B., Acquiring Technological Capacity: A Study of Arab Consulting and Contracting Firms (Palgrave Macmillan, 1991); also in Arabic (Centre for Arab Unity Studies (CAUS): Beirut, 1990).
4. Mohamed El Arbi Chaffai, Patrick Plane, and Dorra Triki Guermazi, “TFP in Tunisian Manufacturing Sectors: Convergence or Catch-up with OECD Members?” Middle East Development Journal 1, 1 (2009), 123–144.