1. Quotations from Macbeth are from William Shakespeare, The Norton Shakespeare, ed. Stephen Greenblatt, Walter Cohen, Jean E. Howard, and Katherine Eisaman Maus (New York: W. W. Norton, 1997).
2. Mary Beth Rose, “Where Are the Mothers in Shakespeare? Options for Gender Representation in the English Renaissance,” Shakespeare Quarterly 42.3 (1991): 291.
3. Maurice Hunt, “Reformation/Counter-Reformation Macbeth,” English Studies 86.5 (2005): 397.
4. On March 19, 16o3, James stated: ‘I thank God I sucked the milk of God’s truth with the milk of my nurse.’” Quoted in Joanna Levin, “Lady Macbeth and the Daemonology of Hysteria,” ELH: English Literary History 69.1 (2002): 40.
5. Leeds Barroll, Anna of Denmark, Queen of England: A Cultural Biography (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001), 162–172, devotes an ten-page appendix to the question of Anne’s Catholicism; Barroll rightly observes that the issue is heavily nuanced and that the question itself is not a “yes” or “no” proposition. Barroll quotes A. W. Ward, who wrote Queen Anne’s entry in the Dictionary of National Biography (London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1885) and in it mentioned her “coquettings with Rome”; ibid., 163.