1. A recent study, Chris Briggs, Credit and Village Society in Fourteenth-Century England , (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009) takes a serious look at the role of credit within English rural communities.
2. See M. M. Postan, “Credit in Medieval Trade” and “Private Financial Instruments in Medieval England” in Medieval Trade and Finance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973) 1–27, 28–64
3. and Robert S. Lopez, The Shape of Medieval Monetary History (London: Variorum, 1986).
4. Raymond de Roover, Money, Banking, and Credit (Cambridge, MA: Mediaeval Academy of America, 1948) focuses on Italian merchants, Lombards, moneychanging, and pawnbroking, while credit in the marketplace is merely portrayed as a problem for the consumer; Jacques Le Goff, Marchands er Banquiers examines the issue of large-scale trade with his usual excellence, but does not turn to the details of exchange at the local level.
5. See also Carlo Cipolla, Money, Prices and Civilization in the Mediterranean World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1956).