1. For studies on the relations between Judaism and the nascent Jesus Movement, see a vast number of works: Heshel Shanks, ed., Christianity and Rabbinic Judaism: A Parallel History of Their Origins and Early Development (Washington, DC: Biblical Archeological Society, 1992); and
2. Adam H. Becker and Annette Yoshiko Reed, eds., The Ways That Never Parted: Jews and Christians in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2007).
3. This does not mean of course that the two “religions” have “parted ways” and ceased to interact with each other. See Becker and Reed. A brief but illuminating essay on this topic is Judith Lieu, “Self-Definition vis- à -vis the Jewish Matrix,” in The Cambridge History of Christianity: Origins to Constantine, ed. Margaret M. Mitchell and Frances M. Young, 214–229 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006).
4. The focus of this essay is Christianity as a migrant institution. Of course, other religions have also been shaped by migration. On Judaism and Islam, see the volume Theology of Migration in the Abrahamic Religions of this series, ed. Elaine Padilla and Peter C. Phan (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014).
5. Robin Cohen, ed., The Cambridge Survey of World Migration (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 1. The quotation from Wallenstein is taken from his The Modern World System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origin of European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century (New York: Academic Press, 1974), 15. See also