1. ‘a rather sell-serving passion’ in Noiriel’s view since observers usually referred to it to support their own social projects. pp.21–3, 67, Gérard Noiriel, Workers in French Society in the 19th & 20th Centuries, trans by Helen McPhail, Berg, Oxford, 1990;
2. p.55, Christophe Charle, Histoire sociale de la France au XIXe siècle, Éditions de Seuil, Paris, 1991.
3. pp.589, 601, Robert C. Tucker, The Marx-Engels Reader, Norton, New York, 1978.
4. pp.56–77, Mark Traugott, Armies of the Poor: Determinants of Working Class Participation in the Parisian Insurrection of June 1848, Transaction, 2001. The ‘revolutionary proletariat’ was also on average some ten years older than the ‘bourgeois’ forces, and therefore more of them were married with children.
5. p. 69, Christopher Johnson, ‘Patterns of Proletarianization: Parisian Tailors and Lodève Woolens Workers’, pp.65–82 in John M. Merriman, ed., Consciousness and Class Experience in Nineteenth Century Europe, Holmes & Meier, New York, 1979.