1. George Man Burrows, Commentaries on the Causes, Forms, Symptoms, and Treatment, Moral and Medical, of Insanity (London: Thomas and George Underwood, 1828), pp. 362–3.
2. The interpretation of the terms ‘puerperal insanity’, ‘puerperal mania’ and ‘puerperal melancholia’ in the nineteenth century can be confusing. All three were used and puerperal insanity was often regarded as synonymous with ‘puerperal mania’ and used interchangeably: Irvine Loudon, Death in Childbirth: An International Study of Maternal Care and Maternal Mortality 1800–1950 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1992), p. 144.
3. As they also did in North America. See Nancy Theriot, ‘Diagnosing Unnatural Motherhood: Nineteenth-Century Physicians and “Puerperal Insanity”’, American Studies, 26 (1990), 69–88.
4. See Roy MacLeod, Government and Expertise: Specialists, Administrators and Professionals, 1860–1919 (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988), especially his introduction, quote on p. 10.
5. The substantial literature on moral management includes Anne Digby, Madness, Morality and Medicine: A Study of the York Retreat, 1796-1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985)