1. Quoted in Richard Hunter and Ida Macalpine, Three Hundred Years of Psychiatry, 1535–1860 (London: Oxford University Press, 1963). See also Isler, Thomas Willis.
2. Beliefs about the effeminacy of men antedate the Restoration, of course, but the idea acquired altogether different currency then. For some of the reasons see Trumbach, ‘The Birth of the Queen’; J. Turner, ‘The School of Men: Libertine Texts in the Subculture of Restoration London’ (a talk given at UCLA, 1989); for a remarkably detailed case history of male effeminacy of the playwright Richard Cumberland in the eighteenth century,
3. see K. C. Balderston, ed., Thraliana: The Diary of Mrs. Thrale 1776–1809, 2 vols (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1942; rev. edn, 1951), 2: 436–40.
4. The term category as I have been using it in this chapter should not suggest philosophical so much as medical category. Disease was then understood almost entirely within the terms of categories and classifications, as the wide taxonomic tendencies of the era had doctors compiling and classifying every disease in terms of its major symptoms, anatomic presentations, organic involvements, and so forth. See D. Knight, Ordering the World: A History of Classifying the World (London: Macmillan, 1980).
5. Baglivi held a chair of medical theory in the collegio della Sapienza in Rome, having been elected to it by Pope Clement XI. His book De praxi medicina (1699; English trans. 1723) was written with a knowledge of Sydenham’s theories. He believed that hysteria was a mental disease caused by passions of the troubled mind; in this sense, he is less accurate and intuitive than Sydenham but nevertheless important. For Italian hysteria and hypochondria see Oscar Giacchi, L’isterismo e l’ipochondria avvero il malo nervosa … Giudizii fisio-clinici-sociali (Milan, 1875).