1. Walter Bagehot, Physics and Politics (London, 1887), chs 3 and 4 on ‘Nation-Making’
2. E. Weber, Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France, 1870–1914 (Stanford, 1976)
3. E.J. Hobsbawm, The Age of Empire, 1875–1914 (London, 1987), pp. 142–64. See also above, Chapter 7, pp. 173–4.
4. J.H. Elliott, ‘A Europe of Composite Monarchies’, Past and Present, no. 137 (1992), pp. 48–71
5. C. Russell, The Causes of the English Civil War (Oxford, 1990), pp. 26–57.