1. For a detailed English-language consideration of the lessons for France to draw from the Gulf War, see D. S. Yost, ‘France and the Gulf War of 1990–1991: Political-Military Lessons Learned,’ Journal of Strategic Studies, 16, 3 (September 1993) 339–74.
2. G. Valaison, ‘Les Forces Navales dans le Golfe,’ Défense Nationale, 47, 6 (June 1991) 188–91, p. 188.
3. F. Prater, ‘La France et la Crise du Golfe,’ Politique Etrangère, 56, 2 (Summer 1991) 441–53, p. 449.
4. F. Heisbourg, ‘Quelles Leçons Stratégiques de la Guerre du Golfe?’ Politique Etrangère, 56, 2 (Summer 1991) 411–22, p. 421.
5. D. Porch, The French Secret Services: from the Dreyfus Affair to the Gulf War (Oxford; Oxford University Press, 1997), p. 493.