1. For a more detailed treatment of definitions of prosopography and the history of the term, particularly with regard to the medieval period, see: G. Beech, 'Prosopography', in Medieval Studies: An Introduction, ed. J. M. Powell (Syracuse, 1976), pp. 151-84
2. Neithard Bulst, 'Zum Gegenstand und zur Methode von Prosopographie', in Medieval Lives and the Historian: Studies in Medieval Prosopography, ed. N. Bulst and J-P. Genet (Kalamazoo, Mich., 1986), pp. 1-16, and K. F. Werner, 'L'apport de la prosopographie a l'histoire sociale des elites', in Family Trees and the Roots of Politics: The Prosopography ofBritain and France from the Tenth to the Twelfth Century, ed. K. S. B. Keats-Rohan (Woodbridge, 1997), pp. 1-21.
3. in addition to the specialist journal Medieval Prosopography: History and Collective Biography (Kalamazoo, Mich., 1980-), one can mention two other journals with a strong prosopographical interest: Francia: Forschungen zur westeuropaischen Geschichte (Sigmaringen, 1973—) and Fruhmittelalterliche Studien (Berlin, 1967-). There is also a purely electronic publication Prosopon: Newsletter of the Unit for Prosopographical Research, accessible at .•
4. [C Conbnental Ongins of English L D] andholders 1066–1166: A Prosopography of Post-Conquest England, comp. K. S. B. Keats-Rohan (Oxford, 2001).
5. For bibliography on individual crusades, regions, families and individuals, see the relevant sections in H. E. Mayer, Bibliographie zur Geschichte der Kreuzzuge (Hannover, 1960); H. E. Mayer and J. McLellan, ‘Select Bibliography of the Crusades’, in A History of the Crusades, ed. K. M. Setton, 2nd edn (Madison, Wisc., 1969–89), vol. 6, The Impact of the Crusades on Europe, ed. H. W. Hazard and N. P. Zacour, pp. 511–664; and Z. Hunyadi, ‘A Bibliography of the Crusades and the Military Orders’, in The Crusades and the Military Orders: Expanding the Frontiers of Medieval Latin Christianity, ed. Z. Hunyadi and J. Laszlovsky (Budapest, 2001), pp. 501–88. Bibliography cited in the remainder of this chapter is meant to be representative rather than exhaustive, and studies of single individuals are largely excluded unless they have a wider prosopographical relevance. Prosopographical study of the military monastic orders, although beyond the scope of this chapter, is also relevant to the societies of the states established by the crusades in the Levant and the Baltic countries.