1. Studies on this subject include Kenneth Pyle, The New Generation in Meiji Japan:Problems of Culturak Identity,1885–1895(Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press, 1969);
2. Bunzo Hashikawa, ‘Japanese Perspectives on Asia: From Dissociation to Coprosperity’, in Akira Iriye (ed.), The Chinese and the Japanese: Essays in Political and Cultural Interactions (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1980); Marius B. Jansen, China in the Tokugawa World (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press);
3. Sefan Tanaka, Japan’s Orient: Rendering Pasts into History (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1993).
4. Marius B. Jansen, ‘Japanese Views of China during the Meiji Period’, in Albert Feuerwerker et al., (eds.), Approaches to Modern Chinese History (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1967), p. 163.
5. James K. Kurth, ‘The Pacific Basin versus the Atlantic Alliance: Two Paradigm of International Relations’, in Peter A. Gourevitch (ed.), The Pacific Region: Challenge to Policy and Theory, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 505 (September 1989), p. 45.