1. All Chaucer citations are from Larry D. Benson, ed., The Riverside Chaucer, 3rd ed. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987), by line number.
2. A. C. Spearing, Textual Subjectivity: The Encoding of Subjectivity in Medieval Narratives and Lyrics (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2005), pp. 118, 116.
3. This is not a new notion. See for example, Brian Striar, “The Manciple’s Tale and Chaucer’s Apolline Poetics,” Criticism: A Quarterly for Literature and the Arts 33.2 (Spring 1991): 195–96.
4. Michael Kensak, “Apollo exterminans: The God of Poetry in Chaucer’s Manciple’s Tale,” Studies in Philology 98.2 (Spring 2001): 143–57.
5. Val Plumwood, Feminism and the Mastery of Nature (London: Routledge, 1993), p. 157.