1. Michael Marrus, The Unwanted: European Refugees in the Twentieth Century (Oxford, 1985).
2. See, for example: Donald Bloxham, The Great Game of Genocide: Imperialism, Nationalism, and the Destruction of the Ottoman Armenians (Oxford, 2005); Vahakn Dadrian, The History of the Armenian Genocide (Oxford, 1995); Richard G. Hovannissian, ed., The Armenian Genocide: History, Policy, Ethics (London, 1992).
3. Robert F. Melson, Revolution and Genocide: On the Origins of the Armenian Genocide and the Holocaust (London, 1992), pp. 145–6.
4. Benjamin Lieberman, Terrible Fate: Ethnic Cleansing in the Making of Modern Europe (Chicago, IL, 2006), pp. 53–79. See also Mark Levene’s essay below.
5. Dominik J. Schaller and Jürgen Zimmerer, ‘Late Ottoman Genocides: The Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish Population and Extermination Policies: Introduction’, Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 10 (2008), pp. 7–14.