1. Parts of this chapter draw on material published in D. Bell (2007) The Idea of Greater Britain: Empire and the Future of World Order, 1860–1900 (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
2. For good general accounts of British society and politics at the time, see T. Hoppen (1998) The Mid-Victorian Generation, 1846–1886 (Oxford: Oxford University Press)
3. and G. R. Searle (2005) A New England? Peace and War, 1886–1918 (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
4. On socialist support for imperial federation, see especially G. Claeys (forth-coming) Imperial Agnostics: British Critics of Empire, 1850–1920 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), ch. 3. Hyndman was leader of the Social Democratic Federation and a booster of Marx, while Hardie was a founder of the Labour Party. See also, D. Bell (2009) ‘Democracy and empire: Hobson, Hobhouse, and the crisis of liberalism’ in I. Hall and L. Hill (eds) British International Thought from Hobbes to Namier (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).
5. D. Bell and C. Sylvest (2006) ‘International society in victorian political thought: T. H. Green, Herbert Spencer, and Henry Sidgwick,’ Modern Intellectual History, III, 1–32;