1. Matei Calinescu, Five Faces of Modernity: Modernism, Avant-Garde, Decadence, Kitsch, Postmodernism (Durham: Duke University Press, 1987), 96, 100–103.
2. Renato Poggioli, The Theory of the Avant-Garde, trans. Gerald Fitzgerald (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1968), 27.
3. See Christopher Innes, Avant-Garde Theatre, 1892–1992 (London: Routledge, 1993), 6–18, for an overview of what he calls the “cult of the primitive” (9) in avant-garde theatre.
4. See also James Harding, “From Cutting Edge to Rough Edges: On the Transnational Foundations of Avant-Garde Performance,” in Not the Other Avant-Garde: Transnational Foundations of Avant-Garde Performance, ed. James Harding and John Rouse (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006), 18–40.
5. Jennifer Hyndman, Managing Displacement: Refugees and the Politics of Humanitarianism (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994), 44.