1. This was articulated most prominently by H. von Treitschke, Deutsche Geschichte im neunzehnten Jahrhundert, vol. 1: Bis zum zweiten Pariser Frieden (Leipzig, 1879).
2. P. Dwyer (ed.), The Rise of Prussia 1700–1830 (Harlow, 2000)
3. L. Kittstein, Politik im Zeitalter der Revolution: Untersuchungen zur preußischen Staatlichkeit 1792β1807 (Stuttgart, 2003), in particular pp. 235–92
4. C. Clark, The Iron Kingdom: the Rise and Downfall of Prussia 1600–1947 (London, 2006), pp. 183–246, 284–311.
5. From his first bulletin announcing the defeat of the Prussians on 15 October, Napoleon publically only ever spoke of ‘Iéna’, preferring to decorate Davout and his corps without admitting their vital contribution, see J.D. Markham, Imperial Glory: The Bulletins of Napoleon’s Grande Armée 1805–1814, with Additional Supporting Documents (London, 2003), pp. 81–100.