1. Cf. Chŏn Kyŏng-ok, Yu Sang-nan, Yi Myŏng-sil and Sin Hŭi-sŏn, Hanguk yŏsŏng chŏngch’i sahoesa (Seoul: Sungmyŏng Yŏja Daehakkyo Ch’ulp’anguk, 2004).
2. Chŏn Kyŏng-ok, Pyŏn San-wŏn, Pak Chin-sŏk and Kim Ün-jŏng, Hanguk yŏsŏng munhwasa (Seoul: Sungmyŏng Yŏja Daehaggyo Asia Yŏsŏng Yŏnguso, 2004), p. 355.
3. Philippe Ariès, Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family Life (New York: Vintage, 1965); See also his essay ‘The Family and the City in the Old World and the New’, in Virginia Trufte and Barbara Meyerhoff (eds), Changing Images of the Family (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979).
4. Mary P. Ryan, Cradle of the Middle Class: The Family in Oneida County, New York, 1790–1865 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983);
5. Nancy Grey Osterud, Bonds of Community: The Lives of Farm Women in Nineteenth-Century New York (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991).